Strings in C

In C, strings are arrays of characters terminated by a null character '\0'. They are used to store and manipulate text.

1. Basic String Handling in C

Strings are handled as character arrays and can be manipulated using standard library functions.

2. Declaring and Initializing Strings

Strings can be declared as character arrays or character pointers.

• Example: char str1[10] = "Hello"; char *str2 = "World";

3. String Input and Output

You can read and print strings using scanf, gets (unsafe), and printf functions.

• Example: char str[20]; scanf("%s", str); printf("%s", str);

4. String Manipulation Functions

• 4.1 strlen(): Returns the length of a string. Example: int len = strlen("Hello"); // 5
• 4.2 strcat(): Concatenates two strings. Example: strcat(str1, str2);
• 4.3 strchr(): Finds the first occurrence of a character in a string. Example: char *p = strchr(str, 'l');
• 4.4 strcpy(): Copies one string to another. Example: strcpy(dest, src);
• 4.5 strcmp(): Compares two strings. Example: int res = strcmp(str1, str2);